{"id":2215,"date":"2022-11-10T18:59:03","date_gmt":"2022-11-10T18:59:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/grasac.artsci.utoronto.ca\/?p=2215"},"modified":"2022-11-30T19:53:01","modified_gmt":"2022-11-30T19:53:01","slug":"treaty-19","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/grasac.artsci.utoronto.ca\/?p=2215","title":{"rendered":"Treaty 19"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Compiled by Amelia Healey, GRASAC Research Assistant<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Treaty 19, \u201cProvisional Agreement with the Mississagues of the River Credit, for the surrender of 648,000 Acres of Land – IT 059.\u201d October 28, 1818. RG 10, Volume number: 1842\/IT059, Microfilm reel number: T-9938. https:\/\/recherche-collection-search.bac-lac.gc.ca\/eng\/home\/record?app=fonandcol&IdNumber=3951604&new=-8585976778906523178<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Overview<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The Ajetance Treaty, or Treaty 19, is between the Mississaugas of the Credit and British Crown. From October 27 <\/sup>to 29, 1818, Mississauga leaders including Chief Ajetance (or Adjutant), and British representatives met at the Credit River and signed Treaty 19 on October 28. The treaty outlines the surrender of 648,000 acres of land (in the current-day regions of Halton and Peel) in exchange for an annual payment of \u00a3522.10 in goods in perpetuity.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Mississauga surrendered the land directly to the Crown in a public council, following protocol rooted in the 1763 Royal Proclamation and the 1764 Treaty of Niagara. These legal documents and agreements confirmed that settlers could not use land without a collectively negotiated treaty. Despite this, the Mississaugas experienced frequent settler encroachment on their unceded land. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Mississaugas of the Credit experienced hardship with infectious diseases, the loss of hunting and fishing grounds, and increasing colonial policies and practices particularly after the War of 1812 and Canadian Confederation in 1867. While the population of the Mississaugas of the Credit\u2019s decreased from 500 to approximately 200 after the War of 1812, the British population increased from 95,000 in 1814, to 186,488 in 1828. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In need of essential resources, other Anishinaabe Peoples signed treaties with the Crown in 1818 as well, including the Chippewa of Lake Simcoe (Treaty 18) and the Michi Saagiig near Rice Lake (Treaty 20). The Mississaugas of the Credit previously entered several treaties with the Crown, including the Between the Lakes Treaty, No. 3 (1791) and the Toronto Purchase, Treaty 13 (confirmed in 1805). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dates<\/h3>\n\n\n\n