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The Great Peace of Montréal

October 31, 2021 by chass_wp-admin

Compiled by Bradley Clements, GRASAC Research Assistant

Pictographic signatures of Indigenous leaders on the Great Peace of Montréal document.
Great Peace of Montreal, 1701. Library and Archives Canada, MIKAN 3050235, folio 44

Overview

Dates

  • July 23 – August 7, 1701

Places

  • Montréal

Nations and Representatives

  • France
    • Represented by Louis Hector de Callière (Governor General of New France, representing King Louis XIV)
  • Senaca
    • Represented by Tekanoet, Aouenano, Tonatakout, and Toarenguenion
  • Onondaga
    • Represented by Ohonsiowanne
  • Cayuga
    • Represented by Garonhiaron
  • Oneida
    • Represented by Soueouon
  • Amikwa
    • Represented by Mahingan
  • Fox/Outagami
    • Represented by Noro and Miskouensa
  • Huron-Petun/Tionontati
    • Represented by Kondiaronk, Houatsaranti, and Quarante Sols
  • Illinois (Kaskakias, Peorias, Tapouaros, Maroas, Coiracoetanons, and Moingwenas)
    • Represented by Onanguicé (Potawatomi ogimaa)
  • Mascouten
    • Represented by Kiskatapi
  • Menominee
    • Represented by Paintage
  • Miami (of the St. Joseph River, Piankashaws, Ouiatenons)
    • Represented by Chichicatalo
  • Mississauga
    • Represented by Onanguicé (Potawatomi ogimaa)
  • Nipissing
    • Represented by Onaganiouitak
  • Odawa (Sable Odawa, Kiskakons, Sinago Odawa, Nassawaketon)
    • Represented by Outoutagan/Jean Le Blanc, Kinongé/Le Brochet, Hassaki, Kileouiskingié, Chingouessi, Outaliboi, and Elaouesse
  • Ojibwe/Saulteur
    • Represented by Ouabangué
  • Potawatomi
    • Represented by Onanguicé and Ouenemek
  • Sauk
    • Represented by Coluby and Onanguicé (Potawatomi ogimaa)
  • Cree
  • Gens des Terres
  • Kickapoo
  • Timiskaming
  • Winnebago/Puant/Otchagra

Negotiations

  • Peace among the parties
  • French arbitration
  • Renewal and extension of the Dish With One Spoon Treaty

Prior Negotiations

  • Dish With One Spoon Treaty, mid-1100s
  • French conferences, 1688-1701

Subsequent Negotiations

  • Burlington Bay Council, 1815
  • Renewals of Anishinaabeg-Haudenosaunee relationships, 1840, 1849

Sources

Primary Documents

  • The Great Peace of Montréal, 1701. Treaty document in French, featuring pictographic signatures.
    • Library and Archives Canada. MIKAN 3050235, folio 44
    • Digitized copy available through the Canadian Museum of History. https://www.historymuseum.ca/history-hall/great-peace-montreal-treaty/

Heritage Items

  • None identified yet

Language Items

  • odriyohsrędaˀǫh (verbal noun, Gayogoho:nǫˀ (Cayuga)): peace (literally, the war has ended)
  • waan’kii (vai, Nishnaabemwin (Odawa/Eastern Ojibwe)): be safe [from danger], live in peace, live undisturbed

Secondary Sources

  • Havard, Gilles. The Great Peace of Montréal of 1701: French-Native Diplomacy in the Seventeenth Century. Translated by Phyllis Aronoff and Howard Scott. Montréal & Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2001.
  • Jaenen, Cornelius J., & Andrew McIntosh. “Great Peace of Montreal, 1701.” The Canadian Encyclopedia (7 February 2006).

Other

  • Pointe-à-Callière Montréal Archaeology and History Complex. “The Great Peace of Montréal.” Webpage. https://pacmusee.qc.ca/en/stories-of-montreal/article/the-great-peace-of-montreal/.
  • Canadian Museum of History. “The Great Peace of Montréal Treaty.” Webpage. https://www.historymuseum.ca/history-hall/great-peace-montreal-treaty/
  • Parks Canada. “Treaty of Montréal in 1701 National Historic Event.” Plaque. https://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/page_nhs_eng.aspx?id=1937

If you have information, events, or sources to add to this page, or if you would like to make a correction to it, please contact us by clicking here. Miigwetch, nia:wen, merci, thank you.

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Filed Under: Great Lakes Treaties

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